Since democratic leadership plays a critical role in democratic movements (Adorno, 1965 Gastil, 1994 Kunter, 1965), reviewing the definition of democratic leadership is essential to understanding both democratic leadership and the progress made in democratic movements. Leaders in democratic movements have organized the power of citizens and have struggled for democracy. The power of citizens has been the key factor in promoting democratically social changes and democratic systems (Fox & Brown, 2000 Wiseman, 1996). They have subverted autocratic and military governments and contributed to the establishment of new democratic governments and institutions. In some countries, citizens have fought against dictatorship, military regimes, and racial segregation. Democratic movements have accounted for the historical progress of democracy (Minier, 2001). In the 1980s and 1990s, across the world, democratic movements have contributed to promoting human rights, liberty, freedom, and democracy in developing countries. They have showed crucial characteristics of democratic leadership, offering lessons for democratic governance. Applying the framework to Nelson Mandela, Lech Walesa, and Dae Jung Kim the study considers them as exemplary models of democratic leadership in democratic movements for achieving democracy. The study considers sacrifice, courage, symbolism, citizen participation, and vision as major characteristics in the display of democratic leadership in various political, social, and cultural contexts. The framework includes contexts, motivations, characteristics, and outcomes of democratic leadership. This study proposes a framework of democratic leadership in democratic movements. The leadership literature has paid no attention to democratic leadership in such movements, focusing on democratic leadership within small groups and organizations. Also, little research has defined democratic leadership in the context of democratic movements.

However, the definition of democratic leadership is unclear (Gastil, 1994). Since leadership plays a vital role in democratic movements, understanding the nature of democratic leadership is essential.

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